Friday, June 25, 2010
纵观希特勒从国家总理到独裁者的过程
纵观希特勒从国家总理到独裁者的过程,从表面上看,每一步都是合乎民主程序和法律规范的。但是这并不是民主制度的过错,而恰恰是因为在这个社会中,有太多的人不去遵循民主的原则进行政治活动,而是寄希望于违反民主原则的私下交易、权术欺诈甚至是暴力恐吓。兴登堡总统、德国军方和德国国内的大财阀、大地主们对民主政治的痛恨以及各个民主政党本身的软弱、犹豫不定、缺乏切实的政治纲领和有效的执行手段,使得希特勒巧妙的利用了各派实力的弱点和他们之间的矛盾,和平的攫取了无限的权力。这一历史事实永远警戒我们,在一个缺乏民主法治传统的国家,即使在表面上建立起民主制度,它也可能成为野心家获取专制权力的工具。民主法治的真正确立,绝不可能靠某一个制度一劳永逸的解决问题,而是一个艰苦的、漫长的过程。它要求在人民中间建立起对民主、法治、权利、自由等观念的正确认识和坚定信念,需要民主社会的各种元素:新闻媒体、政党、工会、社会团体以及其它利益集团等发展成熟――这需要十年、二十年甚至更长的时间。只有这样,民主才能有坚实的基础和框架。准备为了民主和法治而奋斗的人们,必须对此有清醒的认识,并做好为此付出艰苦努力的准备。
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